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Eurycoma longifolia
''Eurycoma longifolia'' (commonly called ''tongkat ali'' or ''pasak bumi'') is a flowering plant in the family Simaroubaceae, native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and, to a lesser extent, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. It is also known under the names ''penawar pahit'', ''penawar bias'', ''bedara merah'', ''bedara putih'', ''lempedu pahit'', ''payong ali'', ''tongkat baginda'', ''muntah bumi'', ''petala bumi'' (all Malay); ''bidara laut'' (Indonesian); ''babi kurus'' (Javanese); ''cây bá bệnh'' (Vietnamese)〔:vi:Bá bệnh〕 and ''tho nan'' (Laotian).〔(Medicinal Plants ), International Technology Center, United Nations International Development Organisation, UNIDO, Trieste, Italy〕 Many of the common names refer to the plant's medicinal use and extreme bitterness. ''Penawar pahit'' translates simply as "bitter charm" or "bitter medicine".〔(Free Indonesian and Malay dictionary search )〕 Older literature, such as a 1953 article in the ''Journal of Ecology'', may cite only ''penawar pahit'' as the plant's common Malay name.
==Botanical description==
A medium size slender shrub reaching 10 m in height, often unbranched with reddish brown petioles. Leaves compound, even pinnate reaching 1 m in length. Each compound leaf consists of 30-40 leaflets, lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate. Each leaflet is about 5–20 cm long, 1.5–6 cm wide, much paler on the ventral side. Inflorecense axillary, in large brownish red panicle, very pubescent with very fine, soft, grandular trichomes. Flowers are hermaphrodite. Petals small, very fine pubescent. Drupe hard, ovoid, yellowish brown when young and brownish red when ripe.〔Malaysian Herbal Monograph Technical Committee (1999). ''Malaysian Herbal Monograph. ''Vol. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. ISBN 983987019X, 9789839870190〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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